 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
w |
content of lecture | hour | lecturer | content of experiment |
hour/w |
lecturer |
| 1 | Introduction Function of cell |
4 2 |
Chen Lianbi Chen |
|||
| 2 | Function of cell | 6 | Chen | |||
| 3 | Function of cell | 4 | Chen | introduction of Powerlab software | 4 | Miao Bing |
| 4 | Function of cell | 4 | Chen | The genesis of biphasic potential | 4 | Li Jingxin |
| 5 | Function of cell | 4 | Chen | A single muscle twitch and compound contraction | 4 | Li |
| 6 | Blood | 4 | Liu Chuanyong | Operations on Mammals (1) | 4 | Miao |
| 7 | Blood circulation | 4 | Liu Chuanyong | Operations on Mammals (2) | 4 | Miao |
| 8 | Blood circulation | 6 | Liu Chuanyong | |||
| 9 | Blood circulation | 6 | Liu Chuanyong | |||
| 10 | Blood circulation | 4 | Liu Chuanyong | Determination of human blood pressure and ECG | 4 | Yu shuyan |
| 11 | Blood circulation | 4 | Liu Chuanyong | The effects of inorganic ions and drugs on the heart contractility | 4 | Li jingxin |
| 12 | Examination(Part 1) Respiration |
2 2 |
Liu Chuanyong Zhang Heng |
Regulation of blood pressure in rabbit | 4 | Wang rong |
| 13 | Respiration | 4 | Zhang Heng | Measurement of vital capacity | 4 | Yu |
| 14 | Respiration | 6 | Zhang Heng | |||
| 15 | Digestion, absorption | 4 | XieDongping | Regulation of respiratory movement | 4 | Wang rong |
| 16 | Digestion, absorption | 6 | XieDongping | |||
| 17 | Temperature Kidney |
2 4 |
XieDongping |
|||
| 18 | Kidney | 6 | Liu Chuanyong | |||
| 19 | Kidney Sensor organ |
2 2 |
Liu Chuanyong Wang-Guimin |
Regulation of renal function |
4 | Wang rong |
| 20 | Sensor organ | 6 | Wang-Guimin | |||
| 21 | Examination(Part 2) Nervous system |
2 2 |
XieDongping Wang-Guimin |
Vision field and transmission pathway of sound wave | 4 | Yu shuyan |
| 22 | Nervous system | 6 | Wang-Guimin | |||
| 23 | Nervous system | 6 | Wang-Guimin | |||
| 24 | Nervous system | 6 | Wang-Guimin | |||
| 25 | Nervous system | 4 | Wang-Guimin | Decerebrate rigidity |
4 | Yu shuyan |
| 26 | Endocrine | 4 | XieDongping | Discuss lesson | 4 | Wang rong |
| 27 | Endocrine | 4 | XieDongping | Examination (experiment) |
4 | Li |
| 28 | Endocrine |
2 | XieDongping Wang-Guimin |
|||
| Total | 130 | 60 |
| Day Hour |
Nov 1 ----- | |||||
| Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | ||
| 1 | Medical Immuunology Room 图东201 |
Human Parasitology Experiment |
Medical Immuunology Experiment |
Physiology Room 图西202 |
||
| 2 | ||||||
| 3 | Physiology |
Medical Immuunology Room 图东102 |
Medical Genetics Room 图东202 |
|||
| 4 | ||||||
| 5 | Medical Genetics Room 图西102 |
Human Parasitology Room 图西301 |
Physiology Experiment |
Genetics Experiment |
||
| 6 | ||||||
| 7 | ||||||
| 8 | ||||||
Each class takes about 50 minutes. The first class begins at 8:00am in the morning and 1:30pm in the afternoon.
There is a 10 minutes break between each class. There are Chinese class in 2103、8108 on Tuesday night ,Thursday
afternoon and Saturday morning .
| Day Hour |
August 23 ----- | ||||||
| Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | |||
| 1 | Biochemistry Room 图西102 |
Physiology Room 图东302 |
Medical Microbiology Room 图东401 |
Biochemistry |
Microbiology Experiment |
||
| 2 | |||||||
| 3 | Medical |
Biochemistry Room 图东401 |
Physiology |
||||
| 4 | |||||||
| 5 | Physiology Experiment |
Biochemistry Room 图西402 |
|||||
| 6 | |||||||
| 7 | |||||||
| 8 | |||||||
Each class takes about 50 minutes. The first class begins at 8:00am in the morning and 1:30pm in the afternoon.
There is a 10 minutes break between each class. There are Chinese class in 2103、8108 on Tuesday night ,Thursday
afternoon and Saturday morning .
回到顶端
The Teaching Outline of Physiology
(for International Students of Bachelor Medicine)
Preface
Physiology is a branch of the biology. It is a science that studies the vital regularity in
living organisms. It has long been regarded as one of the most basic and important courses in
medicine. The teaching purpose of physiology is to make the students to master the basic
knowledge of human physiology and establish a good basis for learning other courses. According to
the necessity of medicine, the teaching contents must be the basic concept and knowledge, as well
as fundamental skills. The teachers should pay special attention to training the students on
scientific manner and the ability of scientific thinking. This outline is based on the new text
book Medical Physiology (edited by Guyton and Hall) and the sixth edition of Physiology (People's
Health Press. Edited by Tai Yao). According to the teaching plan for international student of
bachelor medicine, the total teaching hours of physiology is 190, among which 130 for lectures
and 60 for experiments.
Chapter contents lecture hours
1 Introduction 4
2 Basic function of cell 20
3 Blood 4
4 Blood circulation 24
5 Respiration 12
6 Digestion and absorption 10
7 Energy metabolism and body temperature 2
8 Excretory function of the kidney 12
9 Sensory organs 8
10 Nervous system 24
11 Endocrine system 8
12 Reproduction 2
Chapter
1 Introduction
Purpose and Requirement:
1.To master the concepts
of physiology.
2. To understand the fundamental
characteristics of life phenomena
3. To study the regulation
of body function.
4. To master feedback
control system
Teaching Contents:
1. Physiology is a science
that studies the vital regularity in living organisms.
2. Basic characteristics
of life phenomena: metabolism, excitability and reproduction.
3. The concept of internal
environment and homeostasis.
4. Regulation of body
function and homeostasis: nervous regulation, hormonal regulation
and autoregulation.
5. The concept of feedback
regulation: negative feedback and positive feedback.
6. Two ways and 3 levels
for study of physiology.
Chapter
2 Fundamental Functions of the Cell
Purpose and Requirement
1. To understand the basic
structure of cell membrane.
2.To master the transport
through cell membrane, bioelectrical activities and
neuromuscular transmission.
3. To master the excitation
-contraction coupling, and to understand the mechanism and
mechanics of the skeletal
muscle contraction.
Teaching Contents
Part 1. Transport through
cell membrane
1. Structure of the cell
membrane: the fluid mosaic model.
2.The transporting function
of cell membrane: simple diffusion, channel mediated facilitated
diffusion and carrier
mediated facilitated diffusion, primary active transport, secondary
active transport, endocytosis
and exocytosis
3.Signal transmission
across the membrane: receptor -channel, receptor -G protein - second
messenger.
Part 2. Membrane potentials
of the cell
1. Bio-electrical phenomenon
of the cell : membrane potential.
2. Resting potential:
definition, property, and the ionic basis.
3. Action potential: definition,
stages, properties, initiation or genesis, threshold,
threshold potential,
excitability
4.Local potential: definition,
properties, role of the local potential
5. Signal transmission
along nerve fiber: “Local current flow” theory
Part 3. Contraction of
Skeletal Muscle
1. Molecular Characteristics
of Contractile Filaments
2. Molecular Mechanism
of Muscle Contraction: “Sliding theory”, steps of each cross
bridge cycle.
3.Mechanics of skeletal
muscle contraction: the effects of preload, afterload and
contractility on muscle
contraction.
4.Transmission of action
potential across the neuromuscular junction: `steps, properties,
and
5. Excitation contraction
coupling
Chapter
3 Blood
Purpose and Requirement
1. To master the distribution
pattern of body fluid and the role of blood in internal
environment.
2. To master the mechanisms
of physiological hemostasis
3. To understand physical
and chemical properties of blood
4. To understand blood
groups and principles of blood transfusion
Teaching contents
Part 1 General statement
1. Distribution of body
fluid.
2. Function of blood.
Part 2 Plasma
The concept of plasma
and its physical and chemical properties.
Part 3 Blood cell
Hematocrit value, suspension
stability, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Part 4 Physiological hemostasis
1. The concept and basic
process of physiological hemostasis.
2. Blood coagulation:
coagulation factors
3. Process of coagulation:
activation of factor X, activation of factor II, activation
of factor I
4. Intrinsic pathway,
extrinsic pathway.
5. Anti-coagulation and
fibrinolysis.
6. Function of platelet
in physiological hemostasis.
Chapter
4 The Blood Circulation
Purpose and requirement
1. To understand the function
of heart and concepts of basic mechanics of cardiac muscle.
2. To understand the functional
characteristics of various vessels, mechanics of blood flow,
venous return, local
circulation.
3. To master the function
of heart as a blood peripheral pump, regulation of cardiac output,
factors affecting cardiac
output, electrical phenomena of cardiac muscle cell,
physiological of cardiac
muscle.
4. To master principle
of formation of blood pressure, factors affecting blood pressure,
microcirculation, and
formation of interstitial fluid.
5. To master the neuronal
innervation of heart and blood vessels; baroreceptor reflex; the
effect of epinephrine,
norepinephrine, nitric oxide, angiotensin on cardiovascular system.
Teaching contents
Part 1 Function of the
heart
1. The cardiac cycle:
atrium systole, ventricular systole, ventriular diastole
2. Cardiac output, ejection
fraction, cardiac work, cardiac index.
3. Regulation of cardiac
output: heterometric regulation. homometric regulation, effect of
afterload, heart rate
on output
Part 2 Cardiac electrical
phenomena and physiological property of cardiac muscle
1. Cardiac electrical
phenomena of working cell: resting potential, action potential
2. Membrane potential
of autorhythmic cell
3. Electrophysiological
properties of cardiac muscle: excitability. refractory period and
its relation with
mechanical contraction; automaticity, conductivity and spreading of
excitation in heart
Part 3 Physiology of blood
vessels
1. Function of different
vessels
2. Blood flow in blood
vessels: blood flow resistance, blood flow resistance, blood pressure
3. Arterial blood pressure:
concept of blood pressure, formation of arterial blood pressure,
normal value of arterial
blood pressure.
4. Factors affecting the
arterial blood pressure: stroke volume. heart rate. peripheral
resistance, ration between
the circulatory blood flow and the total vessel volume,
windkessel effect
of large arterial vessels.
5. Factors affecting venous
return, concept of central venous pressure and its clinical
significance
6. Microcirculation: concept
of microcirculation, formation of interstitial fluid –
effective filtration
pressure
Part 4 Regulation of cardiovascular
activity
1. Nervous regulation:
innervation of heart and vessles, cardiovascular center
2. Cardiovascular reflex:
baroreceptor reflex, chemoreceptor reflex
3. Hormoral regulation:
renin -angiotensin system, epinephrine and norepinephrine,
endothelium-derived relaxing
factor (EDRF) and endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factor
(EDSF), vasopressin,
atrial natriuretic peptide.
Chapter
5 Respiration
1. To understand the respiratory
significance and basic processes of respiration
2. To master the principles
of pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange in lung and tissue
3. The master the transport
of O2 and carbon dioxide in the blood
3. To master the regulation
of respiration
Teaching contents
Part 1 Pulmonary ventilation
1. Respiration: external
respiration - pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange; Transport of
gas in the blood; internal
respiration.
2. Alveoli and respiratory
membrane
3. Surface tension of
the alveoli and the surfactant
4. Recoil force of the
lung and the intrapleual pressure. Pneumothorax
5. Mechanics of ventilation:
respiratory muscle phrenic muscle and intercostals;
intrapulmonay pressure
6. Pulmonary compliance,
airway resistance
7. Pulmonary volume: tidal
volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory volume, residual
volume and pulmonary
capacity, inspiratory capacity, functional residual capacity, vital
capacity, forced vital
capacity, total lung capacity
8. Minute ventilation
volume, maximal respiratory volume, alveolar ventilation and
anatomicaldead space,
alveolar dead space, physiological dead space; alveolar ventilaion.
Part 2 Gas exchange
1. Mechanism of diffusion:
partial pressure of mixed gas
2. Factors affecting diffusion
across respiratory membrane: area and thickness of the
respiratory membrane,
ventilation/ perfusion ratio
4. Pulmonary diffusing
capacity
part 3 Gas transport in
blood
1. Oxygen transport: physical
solution and combination with hemoglobin; oxyhemoglobin
dissociation curve, factors
that shift the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve: pH and
PCO2 (Bohr effect), temperature,
DPG, CO, fetal hemoglobin.
2. Carbon dioxide transport:
physical solution, bicarbonate and carbominohemoglobin;
carbon dioxide dissociation
curve and Haldane effect.
Part 4 Regulation of respiratory
movement
1. Respiratory center
and generation of respiratory rhythm
2.. Respiratory reflex
(l) Pulmonary stretch
reflex
(2) Respiratory chemoreflex:
peripheral chemoreceptor, central chemoreceptor
(3) Effect of PCO2, PO2
and pH on ventilation
Chapter
6 Digestion and Absorption
Purpose and Requirement
1. To understand the basic
process of food digestion and absorption in digestive tract
2. To master the neural
and hormonal regulation of secretory functions and motility of
digestive tract.
Teaching contents
1. Introduction: master
concept of digestion and absorption, electrical activity of
gastreintestinal smooth muscle, innervations of the gut and
its actions, physiological
actions of gut hormones, brain gut peptides. understand the
general characteristics
of smooth muscle, secretory functions of digestive glands,
endocrine cells in
gastrointestinal tract, chemistry and transportation of these
hormones.
2. Digestion in Oral Cavity:
understand secretion and function saliva. regulation
of salivary secretion. mastication and swallowing .
3. Digestion in Stomach:
master gastric secretion: composition and actions of gastric
juice, such as HCL, pepsin, mucus and intrinsic factor; endogenous
substances stimulating
gastric secretion: acetlcholine, gastrin and histamine; regulation
of gastric secretion
including cephalic, gastric and intestinal phases. inhibitory
regulation of gastric
secretion. understand gastric motility, gastric receptive
relaxation, gastric peristalsis,
gastric emptying, regulation of gastric emptying
4. Digestion in Small
Intestine: master pancreatic and bile secretion: composition and
actions of pancreatic juice and bile, regulation of pancreatic
and bile secretion.
understand composition, functions and regulation of small
intestinal secretion; motility
of small intestine: tonic contraction, segmentation contraction,
peristalsis and regulation;
composition and function of the bile, gallbladder emptying
and the regulation
5. Digestion in Large
Intestine: master the types of colon movement and the defecation,
haustrations-mixing movement, peristalsis and mass movement,
defecation.
Chapter
7 Energy Metabolism and Body Temperature
Purpose and requirement
1. To understand the processes
of energy metabolism, the principles of measurement of
energy metabolism.
2. To master the concept
of basic metabolic rate and factors affecting metabolic rate
3. To master normal changes
in body temperature and measurement of body temperature,
and the mechanisms of thermoregulation.
Teaching contents
Part I Energy metabolism
1. The source of energy
and its transfer
2. Principle of measurement
of energy metabolism: direct calorimetry, indirect
calorimetry.
3. Factors affecting energy
metabolism: muscle contraction, environment temperature,
food specific dynamic effect
5. Basal metabolism rate:
concept and clinical significance
Part 2 Body temperature
1. Concept of body temperature:
shell temperature and core temperature; normal value
of body temperature, normal variation of body temperature
2. Heat generation and
dissipation of the body.
1 ) Generation: organs.muscles,
shivering.
2 ) disspiation: irradiation,
conduction and convection; evaporation and its
significance; sweating.
3. Regulation of body
temperature: voluntary and autonomic thermoregulation.
4. Autonomic thermoregulation:
peripheral and central temperature receptor, thermotaxic
center: its position and the set -point hypothesis.
Chapter
8 Excretory function of the kidney
Purpose and requirement
1. To understand the important
of the kidney in maintaining homeostasis of the body
and excretion function of the kidney.
2. To master the processes
of urine formation and factors influencing urine formation,
regulation of urine formation.
Teaching contents
1. Introduction: master
concept and way of excretion, importance of renal excretion,
structural characteristics of kidney: nephron and collection
ducts, cortical nephron and
juxtamedullary nephron, characteristics of renal blood circulation.
-understand general
functions of kidney including urine formation and production
of some biological active
substance, juxtaglomerular apparatus.
2. Function of Glomerular
Filtration: master glomerular membrane and its permeability,
the effective filtration pressure, factors effecting glomerular
filtration, glomerular
filtration rate and filtration fraction.
3. Functions of Renal
Tubules and Collecting Duct: master reabsorption of renal
tubules and collecting ducts: active reabsorption of various
substances (Na+, Cl- ,
H2O- ,HCO3-, NH4+, K+, glucose), secretory and excretory function
of renal tubules
and collecting ducts (H+, Na+, K+).
4. Urinary Concentration
and Dilution: understand mechanisms for creating osmotic
gradient in the medullary interstitial fluid, formation of
concentrated and diluted
urine, role of the vasa recta for maintaining the high solute
concentration in the
medullary intersitial fluid.
5. Regulation of Urine
Formation in the Kidney: master renal autoregulation:
osmotic diuresis and glomerulotubular blance; actions of ADH;
regulation of ADH
secretion: osmolality of extracellular fluid and blood volume
of circulation and
other factors;the effects of aldosterone and regulation of
aldosterone secretion:
the rennin-angiotensin aldosterone system, Na + , K + concentration
of plasma.
hormone and cardionatrin. The effect of atrial natriuretic
peptide (ANP)
6. Plasma Clearance: understand
concept of plasma clearance. physiological
significance of plasma clearance test.
7. Micturition: understand
innervation of uninary bladder and ureters. master
reflex of micturition
Chapter
9 Sense Organs
Purpose and requirement
1. To understand the functions
of various sense organs.
2. To master the general
characteristics of sensory receptors, vision and hearing.
Teaching contents
1. Basic concepts : understand
concept and classification of sensory receptors
and sense organs. master general characteristics of sensory
receptors: sensory
threshold and adequate stimulus, transducer function of sensory
receptors, coding
of sensory information, adaptation.
2. Visual sense organs:
understand anatomical basis of eye, optical principle
relative to formation of an image in eye, reduced eye, structure
of retina,chemistry
of rhodopsin, space vision and binocular vision. master visual
acuity, accommodation
reflex, near point of vision, papillary light reflex,cone
system and rod system,
transduction of light energy by rod, cones and color vision.
trichromatic
theory of vision, dark and light adaptation, visual field.
3. Auditory sense organs:
understand structure of ear, collecting sound of auricle,
resonance of auditory canal, function of Eustachian tube pharyntotympanic
tube), basic
structure of cochlea, action potential in auditory nerve,
auditory thresholds and audible
area. master pathways transmitting sound wave from external
environment to inner ear,
increasing sound pressure by auditory ossicles and tympanic
membrane, vibrations of
basilar membrane and traveling wave theory,. bioelectrical
phenomenon of the cochlea.
Chapter
10 the Nervous System
Purpose and Requirement
1. To understand the basic
function of nerve cells and central nervous system.
Sensory functions and higher function of nervous system
2. To master synaptic
transmission, motor functions, central control of visceral
functions.
Teaching contents
1. General Action Rules
of Neuron: Neuron and nerve fibers: -master characteristics
of nerve conduction: physiologically intact, nature, insulated
propagation,double
propagation and indefatigability; conduction velocity of verve
fibers;axoplasmic
transport. understand mechanisms of nerve conduction and classification
of nerve
fibers; elementary interactions between neurons. -master concept
of synapse, gap junction.
understand no –synaptic chemical transmission, local circuit
neurons,local neuronal circuit.
Neurotransmitters: master peripheral neurotransmitters: Ach,
NE, peptides, cholinergic
receptors, adrenergic receptors understand central neurotransmitters,
concept of transmitter
and modulator; synthesis, release and inactivity of transmitter;
presynaptic receptors of
transmitter in central nervous system; nutritive function
of nerves.
2. Coordination of Reflex
Activity: -master concept of reflex and reflex arc; excitatory
postsynaptic potential (EPSP); characteristics of synaptic
chemical transmission:
unidirectional transmission, central delay. Summation,after
discharge, susceptibility
to change in internal and external environment,fatigue; central
inhibition: inhibitory
postsynaptic potential (IPSP), postsynaptic inhibition: reciprocal
inhibition and recurrent
inhibition; presynaptic inhibition; central facilitation:
postsynaptic facilitation and
presynaptic facilitation. understand neuronal circuits: convergence,
divergence, recurrent
circuit and chain circuit.
3. Sensory Functions of
Nerve System: understand sensory function of spinal cord and
ascending pathways; sensory function of thalamus: nuclei of
thalamus, specific sensory
projection system, ascending reticular activating system;
somatic pain and its pathways.
master nonspecific sensory projection system, somatic sensory
cortex, characteristics of
visceral pain and referred pain.
4. Motor functions of
Nerve System: master motor neurons and motor unit; flexor reflex,
crossed extension reflex; action of muscle spindle and Goligi
tendon organ; motor cortex:
primary motor cortex, premotor area and supplementary motor
area; transmission of signals
from the motor cortex to the muscles: pyramidal system and
extra pyramidal system, decerebrate
rigidity; clinical syndromes resulting from damage to the
basal ganglia; motor function of
cerebellum: function of vestibulocerebellum, spinocerebellum
and corticocrerebellum. understand
significance of stretch reflex, postural control.
5. Central Regulation
of Visceral Function: Master structural and functional
characteristics of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves,
function of parasympathetic and
sympathetic nerve system,function of hypothalamus: regulation
of body temperature, food intake,
water balance. control of anterior pituitary secretion, control
of emotion, biological clock.
understand visceral activitycontrolled by spinal cord and
brain stem. concept and function of
limbic system, neuronal regulation of instinctual behavior
and emotion, emotional reaction.
7. Wakefulness, sleep
and electric activity of the brain. master concept of spontaneous
electric activity of the brain and evoked cortical potential,
normal waves of EEG, properties
and importance of slow wave sleep and fast wave sleep. understand
maintenance of wakefulness:
ascending reticular activating system; initiation of the sleep:
ascending inhibitory system.
6. Higher Function of
Nervous System: master learning: concept of nonassociative learning
and associative learning, concept of unconditioned and conditioned
reflex, formation and
significance of conditioned reflexes. Memory. Classification:
declarative memory and
nondeclarative memory,short-term,intermediate and long-term
memory; procedure and mechanism
of the memory. understand human's conditional reflex,loss
of memory, language function and
dominant hemisphere.
Chapter
11 Endocrine System
Purpose and Requirement
1. To understand importance
of endocrine system in regulation of physiological functions.
2. To master the actions
of several important hormones and regulation of their secretion.
Teaching contents
1. Overview: -master concepts
of hormone and endocrine system, chemical classification and
actions of hormones, general characteristics of hormonal actions.
-understand formation, storage,
release and transport of hormones, mechanisms of hormone action:
hypothesis of the second
messenger and hypothesis of the genes.
2. Endocrine function
of hypothalamus: understand classification and functional
characteristics of the neuro-endocrine neurons in hypothalamus.
master functional relationship
between hypothalamus and pituitary gland: hypothalamic hypophysial
portal system and
hypothalamo- hypophysial nerve tract, actions of several important
hypothalamic regulating
peptides: THR, GnRH, GHRIH, CRH, GHRH.
3. Pituitary: master biolgoical
effects of adenohypophysial hormone (GH, PRL) and
regulation of their secretion, actions of neurohypophysial
hormones (vasopressin and
oxytocin) andregulation of their secretion. understand morphological
characteristics
of adenohypophysialcells, structure and biosynthesis of neurohypophysial
hormones.
4. Thyroid: understand
biosynthesis of thyroid hormone and iodine metabolism. master
biological effects of thyroid hormone, regulation of thyroid
hormone secretion.
5. Adrenal Gland: master
actions of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoid, regulation of
their seretion, hormones (norepinehrine and epinephrine) produced
by adrenal medulla and their
actions as well as regulation of section. -understand synthesis
and metabolism of glucocoricoids ,
mineralocorticoida , norepinephrine and epinephrine.
Chapter
12 Reproduction
Purpose and Requirement
1. To master the major
endocrine functions of sexual glands, actions of sex hormones.
2. To understand the processes
of spermatogenesis and progenesis. menstrual cycle, main
steps of pregnancy.
Teaching contents
1. Male reproduction:
master testicular function: spermatogenesis by testes, actions of
testosterone, regulation of testicular function: hypothalamic
pituitary-Leydig cell axis
and hypthalamic-pituitary seminiferous tubule axis. understand
endocrine functions of testes:
synthesis and metabolism of testosterone, 2. Female reproduction:
master physiological
effects and mechanism of estrogens and progesterone; regulation
of ovarian function:
hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis. understand ovulation,
menstrual cycle, processes of
pregnancy: fertilization, implantation, maintenance of pregnancy.
parturition and lactation.
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